Revisiting the Role of Telemedicine Under the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak
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Letter to the Editor
P: 26-27
April 2020

Revisiting the Role of Telemedicine Under the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak

Eur J Geriatric Gerontol 2020;2(1):26-27
1. Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Clinic of Special Out Patient, Hong Kong, China
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Received Date: 08.02.2020
Accepted Date: 26.02.2020
Publish Date: 20.04.2020
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To the editor,

With the increasing number of reported pneumonia cases infected by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and its associated mortality, (1) there is no doubt about its public health impact. Spreading beyond borders to different continents, 2019-nCoV is pushing the global healthcare system’s burden to a limit. With possible transmission between humans through close contact, (2) and a significant basic reproductive number (3), isolation is unavoidable as a public health measures.

Initially emphasizing mainly on distance and designed for rural area with remote access to medical facilities, telemedicine do play a role in patient care under the 2019-nCoV outbreak. It is particularly useful when significant proportion of people in the community have travelled to epidemic area, thus requiring self-quarantine for 14 days of observation period. Replacing routine services by telemedicine, the hospital not only saved manpower and resources to those infected cases requiring medical and ventilator support, but also prevented human-to-human transmission through public transportation and indoor clustering within waiting halls. Besides, stable inactive chronic diseases patients with regular hospital follow-up appointments could be diverted to these temporary “cyber-clinics”; whereas electronic service kioskis help streamlining monthly to quarterly interval dispensing of medications via pharmacies.

Telemedicine can be classified as tele-visits, tele-supervision, tele-monitoring, tele-interpretation and tele-consultation (4). Concerning patient’s privacy, real-time (synchronous) interaction like tele-visits and tele-consultation are rather sensitive with medico-legal concerns. However, unidirectional communications (store-and-forward) by hinting or reporting with subsequent feedback are much simpler (5). Common examples include actively hinting patients on timely usage of medication, regular physiotherapy or latest update of the 2019-nCoV outbreak. In contrast, patients can aid their caring doctors by updating blood pressure readings, hemastix results, or even ankle edema photos, thus facilitating home titration of anti-hypertensive medications, insulin or even diuretics respectively.

Geriatric patients are popular hospital visitors, especially with sub-specialization of medicine in modern dates. Counting from the first confirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia case in Hong Kong on 23rd January towards the first 2019-nCoV mortality case on 4th February, there was a drastic rising trend on the daily clinic non-attendance rate from 4.0% to 42.1%. Five hundered eighty-six patients (29.4%) already defaulted our out-patient clinics’ appointments during this period with different types of reasons, which telephone survey revealed “worrisome of 2019-nCoV transmission within hospital area” as the top cause (52.0%). Among these 586 patients, 61.8% were aged 65 years or older. It is understandable that hospital is a relatively high risk area, especially to elderly with multiple comorbidities, not to say those with frequent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, immunocompromised, cancer and transplant patients.

In conclusion, accessibility of healthcare service becomes the major public healthcare service gap under the 2019-nCoV outbreak. No matter how close the physical distance between the geriatric patients’ home and the hospital, it is still considered as “remote” if inaccessible. Despite the strength of telemedicine on facing the 2019-nCoV globe challenge, basic infrastructure is still the prerequisite.

References

1
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:507-513.
2
Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HT, Le HQ, Nguyen HQ, Cao TM, Pham QD. Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:872-874.
3
Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet. 2020;395:689-697.
4
Serper M, Volk ML. Current and Future Applications of Telemedicine to Optimize the Delivery of Care in Chronic Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16:157-161.e8.
5
Ayatollahi H, Nourani A, Khodaveisi T, Aghaei H, Mohammadpour M. Teleophthalmology in Practice: Lessons Learned from a Pilot Project. Open Med Inform J. 2017;11:20-28.