Instructions to Authors

European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology is an open access, scientific, peer-reviewed journal in accordance with independent, unbiased, and double-blinded peer-review principles of the Turkish Academic Geriatrics Society. It is a double peer-reviewed journal published triannually in April, August, and December electronically. The publication language of the journal is English.

European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology does not charge any article submission or processing charges.

Our mission is to provide practical, timely, and relevant clinical and basic science information to physicians and researchers practicing geriatrics and gerontology worldwide. Topics of European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology include; Aging, Aging Biology, Alzheimer’s Disease, Biogerontology, Bone health in older people, Cell Biology, Clinical Geriatrics, Clinical Geropsychology, Cognitive Disorders, Demography of Older Populations, Dental and Oral Health, Delirium, Diabetes Mellitus, Dizziness, Disability, Drugs & Aging, Experimental Gerontology, Economics of ageing, Falls, Frailty, Geriatrics, Geriatric Bioscience, Geriatric Care Management / Depression / Emergency Medicine / Gynecology / Occupational Therapy / Ophthalmology /Otolaryngology / Pain Management / Palliative Care / Pharmacotherapy / Physical Therapy / Psychiatry / Psychology / Rheumatology / Trauma / Urology / Nursing / Syndromes, Gerontechnology, Hypertension, Healthy Aging, Home and Community-Based Services, Incontinence, Long-Term Care, Orthogeriatrics, Polypharmacy, Parkinsons Disease, Parkinsonian syndromes, Pressure Sores, Psychological Gerontology, Sarcopenia, Sleep Disorders, Syncope, Social Gerontology, Stroke Medicine.

Special features include rapid communication of important timely issues, surgeon’ workshops, interesting case reports, surgical techniques, clinical and basic science review articles, guest editorials, letters to the editor, book reviews, and historical articles in geriatrics and gerontology.

All manuscripts submitted to the European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology (EJGG) are screened for plagiarism using the ‘iThenticate’ software. Results indicating plagiarism may result in manuscripts being returned or rejected.

EDITORIAL POLICIES

The editorial and publication processes of the journal are shaped in accordance with the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors (CSE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), and National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The journal conforms with the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (doaj.org/bestpractice).

The European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology accepts invited review articles, research articles, brief reports, case reports, letters to the editor, and images relevant to the scope of geriatrics and gerontology, on the condition that they have not been previously published elsewhere. Basic science manuscripts, such as randomized, cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies, are given preference. All manuscripts are subject to editorial revision to ensure they conform to the style adopted by the journal which has a double blind-kind of reviewing system.

As a peer-reviewed journal that is independent, impartial, and in compliance with the principles of double-blinded peer review, after checking the compliance of the submitted manuscript with the writing rules and plagiarism control, all articles are reviewed by the editor-in-chief, section editor, at least two reviewers, and statistic editor. All evaluation processes except Editor-in-Chief is done double-blinded. After all these processes are completed, the Editor-in-Chief decides whether to publish or reject the article. In the final stage, the plagiarism review is repeated once more.

Upon receiving each manuscript, a checklist is completed by the Editorial Assistant. The Editorial Assistant checks that each manuscript contains all required components and adheres to the author guidelines, after which time it will be forwarded to the Editor in Chief. Following the Editor in Chief's evaluation, each manuscript is forwarded to the Associate Editor, who assigns reviewers. Generally, all manuscripts will be reviewed by at least two reviewers selected by the Associate Editor, based on their relevant expertise. An associate editor could be assigned as a reviewer along with the reviewers. After the reviewing process, all manuscripts are evaluated in the Editorial Board Meeting.

European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology's editor and Editorial Board members are active researchers. It is possible that they would desire to submit their manuscript to the European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology. This may be creating a conflict of interest. These manuscripts will not be evaluated by the submitting editor(s). The review process will be managed and decisions made by the editor-in-chief, who will act independently. In some situations, this process will be overseen by an outside independent expert in reviewing submissions from editors.

Preparation of Manuscript

Manuscripts should be prepared according to ICMJE guidelines.

Preparation of research articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses must comply with study design guidelines:

Human research: Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA guidelines

Case reports: the CARE case report guidelines

Clinical trials: CONSORT

Animal studies: ARRIVE and Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Title Page

Title: The title should provide important information regarding the manuscript's content.

The title page should include the authors' names, degrees, institutional/professional affiliations, a short title, abbreviations, keywords, financial disclosure statement, and conflict of interest statement. If a manuscript includes authors from more than one institution, each author's name should be followed by a superscript number corresponding to their institution, listed separately. Please provide contact information for the corresponding author, including name, e-mail address, and telephone and fax numbers.

Running Head: The running head should not be more than 40 characters, including spaces, and should be located at the bottom of the title page.

Word Count: A word count for the manuscript, excluding abstract, acknowledgments, figure and table legends, and references, should be provided, not exceeding 3000 words. The word count for an abstract should not exceed 250 words.

Conflict of Interest Statement: This statement must be included in each manuscript to prevent potential conflicts of interest from being overlooked. In case of conflicts of interest, every author should complete the ICMJE general declaration form.

Abstract and Keywords: The second page should include an abstract that does not exceed 250 words. Moreover, as various electronic databases integrate only abstracts into their index, significant findings should be presented in the abstract.

Abstract

Objective: The abstract should state the objective (the purpose of the study and hypothesis) and summarize the rationale for the study.

Materials and Methods: Important methods should be written, respectively.

Results: Important findings and results should be provided here.

Conclusion: The study's new and important findings should be highlighted and interpreted.

Other types of manuscripts, such as case reports, reviews and others, will be published according to uniform requirements. Provide at least 3 keywords below the abstract to assist indexers. Use terms from the Index Medicus Medical Subject Headings List (for randomized studies, a CONSORT abstract should be provided.

Original Articles

Original articles should have the following sections;

Introduction: The introduction should include an overview of the relevant literature presented in summary form (one page), and whatever remains engaging, unique, problematic, relevant, or unknown about the topic must be specified. The introduction should conclude with the rationale for the study, its design, and its objective(s).

Clinical Trial Policy

All clinical trials, which are any research projects that prospectively assign individuals or a group of people to an intervention, with or without concurrent comparison or control groups, in order to study the relationship between a health-related intervention and a health outcome, must be registered in a public trials registry acceptable to the International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (ICMJE). Authors of randomized controlled trials must adhere to the CONSORT guidelines , and provide both a CONSORT checklist (for protocols, see the SPIRIT guidance) and flow diagram. We require that you choose the MS Word template at www.consort-statement.org for the flow chart and cite/upload it in the manuscript as a figure. In addition, submitted manuscripts must include the unique registration number in the Abstract as evidence of registration.  The Clinical Trial Registration Policy has been implemented in our journal as of September 2023. For more detailed instructions regarding clinical trials, please visit the guideline below:

Clinical Trials Guidelines

You can register for clinical trials by visiting the following link:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/

To register the relevant record in the system and learn more about the protocol to be followed, please review the link below:
https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs/how-register

The other registries are accepted by ICJME:
www.anzctr.org.au
www.ISRCTN.org
www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index/htm
www.onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en
https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/

Materials and Methods: Clearly describe the selection of observational or experimental participants, such as patients, laboratory animals, and controls, including inclusion and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. Identify the methods and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other researchers to reproduce your results. Provide references to established methods (including statistical methods), provide references to brief modified methods, and provide the rationale for using them and an evaluation of their limitations. Identify all drugs and chemicals used, including generic names, doses, and routes of administration.

Statistics: Describe the statistical methods used in enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. Statistically essential data should be given in the text, tables, and figures. Provide details about randomization, describe treatment complications, provide the number of observations, and specify all computer programs used.

Results: Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures. Do not present all the data provided in the tables and/or figures in the text; emphasize and/or summarize only essential findings, results, and observations in the text. Clinical studies provide the number of samples, cases, and controls included in the study. Discrepancies between the planned number and obtained number of participants should be explained. Comparisons and statistically significant values (i.e., p-value and confidence interval) should be provided.

Discussion: This section should include a discussion of the data. New and noteworthy findings/results and the conclusions they lead to should be emphasized. Link the conclusions with the study's goals, but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not completely supported by the data. Do not repeat the findings/results in detail; important findings/results should be compared with those of similar studies in the literature, along with a summarization. In other words, similarities or differences in the obtained findings/results with those previously reported should be discussed.

Study Limitations: Limitations of the study should be detailed. In addition, an evaluation of the implications of the obtained findings/results for future research should be outlined.

Conclusion: The conclusion of the study should be highlighted.

References

Cite references in the text, tables, and figures with numbers in parentheses. Number references consecutively according to the order they first appear in the text. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus (consult List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus). Include among the references any paper accepted but not yet published, designating the journal and followed by, in press. Authors are solely responsible for the accuracy of all references.

Examples of References:

1. List All Authors

Bonanni E, Tognoni G, Maestri M, Salvati N, Fabbrini M, Borghetti D, DiCoscio E, Choub A, Sposito R, Pagni C, Iudice A, Murri L. Sleep disturbancesin elderly subjects: an epidemiological survey in an Italian district. Acta Neurol Scand 2010;122:389-397.

2. Organization as Author

American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria Expert panel. American geriatrics society 2015 updated Beer criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63: 2227-2246.

3. Complete Book

Ham RJ, Sloane PD, Warshaw GA, Potter JF, Flaherty E. Ham's primary care geriatrics: a case-based approach, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier/Saunders, 2014.

4. Chapter in Book

BG Katzung. Special Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology, In:Bertram G. Katzung, Susan B. Masters, Anthony J. Trevor (Eds). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 10th edition, Lange, Mc Graw Hill, USA 2007, pp 983-90.

5. Abstract

Reichenbach S, Dieppe P, Nuesch E, Williams S, Villiger PM, Juni P. Association of bone attrition with knee pain, stiffness and disability; a cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:293-8. (abstract).

6. Letter to the Editor

Rovner B. The Role of the Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research as a Platform for Validating Smart Healthcare Devices for Older Adults. Ann Geriatr. 2017;21:215-216.

7. Supplement

Garfinkel D. The tsunami in 21st century healthcare: The age-related vicious circle of co-morbidity - multiple symptoms - over-diagnosis - over treatment - polypharmacy [abstract]. J Nutr Health Aging 2013;17(Suppl 1):224-227.

Case Reports

Case reports should be structured as follows:

Abstract: An unstructured abstract that summarizes the case.

Introduction: A brief introduction (recommended length: 1-2 paragraphs).

Case Presentation: This section describes the case in detail, including the initial diagnosis and outcome.

Discussion: This section should include a brief review of the relevant literature and how the presented case furthers our understanding of the disease process.

Review Articles

Review articles should not include more than 100 references. Reviews should include a conclusion in which a new hypothesis or study about the subject may be posited. Do not publish methods for literature search or level of evidence. Authors who prepare review articles should already have published research articles on the relevant subject. There should be a maximum of two authors for review articles.

Images in Geriatrics and Gerontology

Authors can submit for consideration an illustration and photos that are interesting, instructive, and visually attractive, along with a few lines of explanatory text and references. Images in Geriatrics and Gerontology can include no more than 500 words of text, 5 references, and 3 figures or tables. No abstract, discussion, or conclusion is required, but please include a brief title.

Letters to the Editor

Letters can include no more than 500 words of text, 5-10 references, and 1 figure or table. No abstract is required, but please include a brief title.

Invited Review Article: Invited review articles are comprehensive analyses of specific topics in medicine, written upon invitation due to extensive experience and publications of authors on their view subjects. All invited review articles will also undergo peer review before acceptance.

Editorial Comment: Editorial comments are a brief remarks on an article published in the journal by there viewer of the article or by a relevant authority. The Editor-in-Chief invites most comments, but spontaneous comments are welcome. An abstract is not required with this type of manuscript.

Tables, Graphics, Figures, and Images

Tables: Supply each table in a separate file. Number tables according to the order in which they appear in the text, and supply a brief caption for each. Give each column a short or abbreviated heading. Write explanatory statistical measures of variation, such as standard deviation or standard error of the mean. Be sure that each table is cited in the text.

Figures: Figures should be professionally drawn and/or photographed. Authors should identify number figures according to the order in which they appear in the text. Figures include graphs, charts, photographs, and illustrations. Each figure should be accompanied by a legend that does not exceed 50 words. Use abbreviations only if they have been introduced in the text. Authors are also required to provide the level of magnification for histological slides. Explain the internal scale and identify the staining method used. Figures should be submitted as separate files, not in the text file. High-resolution image files are not preferred for initial submission as the file sizes may be too large. The total file size of the PDF for peer review should not exceed 5 MB.

Authorship

Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to assume public responsibility for the content. Any portion of a manuscript that is critical to its main conclusions must be the responsibility of at least 1 author.

Contributor's Statement

All submissions should contain a contributor's statement page. Each manuscript should contain substantial contributions to idea and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of findings. All persons designated as an author should qualify for authorship, and all those that qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take responsibility for appropriate portions of the text.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledge support received from individuals, organizations, grants, corporations, and other sources. For work involving a biomedical product or potential product partially or wholly supported by corporate funding, a note stating, "This study was financially supported (in part) with funds provided by (company name) to (authors' initials)" must be included. Grant support, if received, needs to be stated, and the specific granting institutions' names and grant numbers provided when applicable.

Authors are expected to disclose on the title page any commercial or other associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript. All funding sources that supported the work and the institutional and/or corporate affiliations of the authors should be acknowledged on the title page.

Copyright

At the time of submission, all authors will receive instructions for submitting an online copyright form. No manuscript will be considered for review until all authors have completed their copyright form. Please note, it is our practice not to accept copyright forms via fax, e-mail, or postal service unless there is a problem with the online author accounts that cannot be resolved. Every effort should be made to use the online copyright system. Corresponding authors can log in to the submission system at any time to check the status of any co-author's copyright form. The authors agree to transfer the commercial rights to the Turkish Academic Geriatrics Society if the article is accepted for publication. By signing the Copyright Agreement Form, authors retain the copyright of their work and agree that the article, if accepted for publication by the  European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology will be licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

If article content is copied or downloaded for non-commercial research and education purposes, a link to the appropriate citation [authors, journal, article title, volume, issue, page numbers, digital object identifier (DOI)] and the link to the definitive published version should be maintained. Copyright notices and disclaimers must not be deleted.

Note: We cannot accept any copyright that has been altered, revised, amended, or otherwise changed. Our original copyright form must be used as-is.

Copyright Agreement Form

Abbreviations and Symbols

Use only standard abbreviations. Avoid abbreviations in the title and abstract. The full term for an abbreviation should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard abbreviation. All acronyms used in the text should be expanded at first mention, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses; after that, the acronym only should appear in the text. Acronyms may be used in the abstract if they occur 3 or more times therein but must be reintroduced in the body of the text. Generally, abbreviations should be limited to those defined in the AMA Manual of Style, current edition. A list of each abbreviation (and the corresponding full-term) used in the manuscript must be provided on the title page.

Online Article Submission Process

The European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology uses submission software powered by Online Article Submission articles. The submission website to the European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology is www.ejgg.org. This system is quick and convenient, both for authors and reviewers.

The correspondent author's ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) number should be provided while sending the manuscript. A free registration can create at http://orcid.org.

The Review Process

Each manuscript submitted to the European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology is subject to an initial review by the editorial office to determine if it is aligned with the journal's aims and scope and complies with essential requirements. Manuscripts sent for peer review will be assigned to one of the journal's associate editors with expertise relevant to the manuscript's content. All manuscripts are double-blind peer-reviewed. All accepted manuscripts are sent to a statistical and English language editor before publishing. Once papers have been reviewed, the reviewers' comments are sent to the Editor, who will then make a preliminary decision on the paper. At this stage, based on the feedback from reviewers, manuscripts can be accepted, rejected, or revisions can be recommended. Following initial peer-review, articles judged worthy of further consideration often require revision. Revised manuscripts generally must be received within 3 months of the date of the initial decision. Revised manuscripts must include a "Point-to-point response to reviewers' comments and a copy of the revised text by highlighting the changes made in the revised manuscripts, and the manuscript must be received within 3 months of the date of the initial decision. Extensions must be requested from the Associate Editor at least 2 weeks before the 3-month revision deadline expires; the European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology will reject manuscripts not received within the 3-month revision deadline. Manuscripts with extensive revision recommendations will be sent for further review (usually by the same reviewers) upon their re-submission. When a manuscript is finally accepted for publication, the Technical Editor undertakes a final edit, and a marked-up copy will be e-mailed to the corresponding author for review and make any final adjustments.

English Language Editing

All manuscripts are professionally edited by an English language editor before publication.

Subscription Information

Academic Geriatrics Society: